The aim of the workshop is to discuss especially the extreme (ie, least explored) regions of the parameter space; the relevant parameters are P and P_dot, of course, but also the spectral energy distribution, pulse shape, age, binarity, etc. The workshop will take place from June 15 to June 18, 2009, in the Conference Hall of Marciana Marina, on the Elba island, just off the coast of Tuscany. We foresee a very interactive meeting, with a balance between relatively long review talks and short presentations, and plenty of time for discussions and round tables. Topics to be addressed include: nulling pulsars and Rotating Radio Transients; Central Compact Objects in SNR; Soft Gamma Ray Repeaters and the like; optical and high energy emission (including Fermi and Cherenkov); magnetosphere; pulsar powered nebulae. Last but not least, June 2009 will also coincide with the 70th birthday of Franco Pacini (no need to stress his liaison with pulsars...), with his becoming Emeritus, and with the midpoint of the International Year of Astronomy. The maximum number of attendees should be around 60-70, in order to keep the meeting agile, and also because of logistic limitations. Therefore attendance shall be by invitation only.